Niosh lifting equation excel. A series of ten lifting tasks is included in Section 3 to illustrate Dec 1, 2016 · This paper comprehensively reviews the evolution and advancements of factors and applicability of NIOSH lifting equation and discusses the important factors in the NIOSH lifted equation specifically to Indian context. I with have the lifting equation manual, so these tools are for those who are common equal them, and have used your before. From the tables, the distance factor (D) was greater than 100cm (value of 0. Many researchers have studied the multiplier development criteria, the universal applicability of the equation and its ability to identify an increased risk of LBP in lifting tasks. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) Snook Tables. 83 x 0. Only publications listed on the NIOSH order form are currently in stock. Aug 14, 2014 · 08. 1 / 18. The NIOSH Lifting Equation is Apr 7, 2021 · 2. | ErgoPlus Jun 9, 2022 · The NIOSH Lifting Equation is the right tool to use when, for example: you’re assessing two-handed, manual lifting and lowering tasks (you're not looking at pushing, pulling, carrying, shoveling, or pushing a wheelbarrow). Object Weight (lbs) Hand Location Vertical Distance Asymmetric Angle (deg. in which L equals the actual load weight, while RWL is the Recommended Weight Limit calculated for that task. Mar 17, 2020 · RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x FM x AM x CM. - RWL의 각 계수들은 Feb 20, 2019 · http://www. Many researchers have studied the multiplier's development criteria You’ll be able to quickly and accurately measure ergonomic risk factors using the most popular ergonomic assessment tools without worrying about doing manual calculations. Muscle strength. Calculating the RWL using this formula helps you determine which of the six components of the task contribute most to the risk. information, CCOHS does not guarantee, warrant, represent or undertake that the information. The manual is intended to guide users on how to use the RNLE. Measure, in inches, the horizontal distance between the center knuckle of your hands and the center of your body while holding the object at the beginning of your lift. Oct 19, 2017 · Once you calculate the RWL, you can figure out the Lifting Index (LI). Measure and record task variables. 14. -Prevent or reduce occurrence of lifting-related low back pain among workers. If you don't know what those are, you need to spend some time with one of the NIOSH publications that describe what the lifting guide means. Step 2: Horizontal Multiplier. NIOSH Lifting Equation - Assessing Relevant Handling Factor. 39 kg * In this example, the distance was 115 cm. All necessary terms, definitions, and data requirements for the revised equation are provided in Section 1. Dur = 2 ( tugas mengambil 1-2 jam per hari dengan waktu pemulihan ) Catat variabel tugas ke worksheet : Langkah 2 - penilaian risiko Melakukan menggunakan NIOSH Lifting Equation kalkulator : Asal dan tujuan Perhitungan : Ringkasan Awal. 78 x 0. This figure is a rough estimate of the stress that a given lifting task will place on the worker's body. Single Task Examples - Reduce Risk. Jun 25, 2020 · แนะนำ NIOSH Lifting Equation App: NLE Calc. 58 kg. Dec 1, 2007 · For instance, to perform an ergonomic assessment using LiFFT (or other assessment tools like the NIOSH Lifting Equation [7]), an ergonomist or safety professional would monitor a single worker Lifting Index (LI) -A score that provides a relative risk of overexertion and back injuries for a particular lifting task. Simple ergonomic risk assessments on large types of manual lifting and lowering tasks can be done using this WISHA lifting calculator. The lift gouping should be redesigned. Compare weight of the load against Weight Limit in new layout. The LI is an index of the relative physical stress for performing a particular lifting task, while the composite LI or CLI Mar 7, 2022 · NIOSH Lifting Equation is an Ergonomic technique with a systematic approach to calculate the risk score of workers involved in frequent and heavy load lifting tasks. A data driven approach NIOSH Publications and Products. ac. The aim of applying this method is to achieve the Recommended Weight Limit, which is defined as the maximum weight that CLI Score. Other recent changes to the workbooks for Liberty Mutual MMH and Static Work Analysis. The analysis methods provided here have been adapted by the me or others for training and job analysis purposes. It was developed in 1981 by the National Institute for You’ll be able to quickly and accurately measure ergonomic risk factors using the most popular ergonomic assessment tools without worrying about doing manual calculations. L = 12,5 pound rata -rata beban dan 26 pound beban maksimum. NIOSH Lifting Equation. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Lifting Equation mobile application, NLE Calc, is a tool to calculate the overall risk index for single and multiple manual lifting tasks. Lifting Index = 0,966. Data are fundamental to worker safety and health research and surveillance conducted at NIOSH. RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM ORIGIN RWL Jun 29, 2023 · La ecuación de NIOSH se utiliza para evaluar la carga física de trabajo en función de factores como el peso que se levanta, la distancia recorrida, la frecuencia de levantamiento y la postura del trabajador. LC (Lift Constant): A value representing the percentage of the population that can perform the lifting task without any risk of injury. HM (Horizontal Multiplier): Accounts for the horizontal distance between the worker and the load. Perhitungan Lifting Equation untuk data pretest Parameter Data Multipliers Output Horizontal Location (H) 40 cm HM = 0,625 Recommended Weight Limit This research develops system improvements by using Microsoft Office Excel programs where the improvements are the origin position of the object and the destination position that should be set to optimize worker capability. com/theopeneducator Oct 7, 2019 · The NIOSH Revised Lifting Equation (RNLE) aims to manage lifting-related lower back pain (LBP), by determining safe load limits. The manual outlines requirements and limitations to use the The NIOSH Method is an ergonomic risk assessment tool based on the calculation of the Lifting Index (LI); a relative estimate that measures the risk of musculoskeletal injuries associated with the manual lifting of loads in the workplace: LI = load lifted / recommended weight limit. Redesign of the lifting task is recommended. Determine the multipliers and compute the RWLs. In light of the growing problem of work-related back injuries, National Institute Dec 1, 2013 · A Review of the NIOSH Lifting Equation and Ergonomics Analysis. Abstract. By utilizing RWL and LI, it offers a practical approach to assessing manual lifting tasks. ) Frequency Rate Duration Object Coupling Origin Dest Origin Destination lifts/min Hrs L(AVG) L(MAX) H V H V D A A F C. Another recent changes to aforementioned workbooks since Liberty Mutual MMH and Static Work Analysis. In addition, this example shows how this tool can be used to evaluate body mechanics recommendations and ergonomic redesign suggestions. Start for Free. applying the lifting equation to a variety of lifting tasks. The data produced and used by NIOSH can also benefit other researchers and practitioners as well as the general public. This specific tool focuses on heavy, frequent, or awkward lifting tasks and uses the following lifting variables to score a task: Horizontal and vertical position of hands from the front of This WISHA lifting calculator in this page will be a useful one for the companies of Washington to ensure employees safety on manual lifting tasks. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 81-122. The LI is defined as: LI = L/RWL. The optimizes can be done by changing one of the input parameter values without changing the other values. The center of your body can be found by measuring the midpoint between your ankles, as seen in figure above. The revised NIOSH Lifting Equation is: 23 kg x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM = RWL. 2. Objectives of NIOSH Equation. VM (Vertical Multiplier): Factors in the vertical distance of the DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 94-110 This document is contained in nine PDF files, for ease of handling. RULA, REBA, and the Lifting Equation are in Excel format, and will do the math for you. The main component of the NIOSH standard is the determination of recommended weight limit (RWL). One specific variable included in the NIOSH lifting equation is referred to as the coupling factor. 2*30 mins = 36 mins). 0 are considered to be hazardous. Click left below for documents:Liberty Two-way Snook TablesLifting Equation ManualREBA FormRULA FormNIOSH Lifting Equation - English… Controls should be considered LI > 3: This lift may exceed the capabilities of safely performing the lift for nearly all workers. May 10, 2024 · The NIOSH equation includes six multiplier factors to calculate the recommended weight limit (RWL): RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x FM x AM x CM. Its systematic framework helps identify design weaknesses, estimate injury risks, and prioritize interventions. Users of the free NIOSH Lifting Equation app, or NLE Calc, enter information about the lifting task at The NIOSH Lifting Equation can be calculated by hand, but it’s much easier and a big time saver to use a calculator. 23 Kg x 0. The NIOSH Lifting Equation can be calculated by hand, but it’s much easier and a big time saver to use a calculator. A copy of this worksheet can be found here: Worksheet: Ergonomics Calculations (40. xml ¢ ( ¬UËNÃ0 ¼#ñ ‘¯¨qဠjÚ # `âmb ?ä]Jû÷¬Ý !Ô6ªÚK^öÎÌή7£ÉÂvÅ " ï*qY E ®öÚ¸¦ ïo ƒ Q )§Uç Tb (&ãó³ÑÛ2 í° -Q¸• ë ¬ÂÒ p¼2õÑ*â×ØÈ ê™j@^ ‡×²öŽÀÑ€ † îaª¾:* üy¥äÃ8QÜö%ªJ¨ :S+b¡rîô?’ Aug 16, 2017 · Photo: NIOSH/iTunes. , 1994 Applications manual for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication no. • Lifts are 2-handed, smooth and continuous• Lifting posture is unrestricted• There is adequate The Philippine education system specifically for grade school students require a high number volume of books, and other educational items e. The calculator gives you both ALs/MPLs from the 1981 guide and RWLs from the 1991 guide. Fact sheet last revised: 2023-04-26. Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation. gov. where LC is the load constant and other factors in the equation are: HM, the Horizontal Multiplier factor, VM, the Vertical Multiplier factor, DM, the Distance Multiplier factor, Feb 10, 2024 · View all facts sheets A-Z. จป. Aktivitas Pengangkatan Barang (Valve) 3. WISHA Lifting Calculator. Developed by: OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) Description: An accessible click-through guide to estimate the maximum safe lifting weight under what the website calls “ideal conditions” (no muscle fatigue, pre-existing injury, in a healthy & trained worker). The user inputs where the lift starts NIOSH Document: Applications Manual for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation: NIOSH Publication Number 94-110, Introduction Sep 30, 2022 · NIOSH Lifting Equation is an Ergonomic technique with a systematic approach to calculate the risk score of workers involved in frequent and heavy load lifting tasks. The revised NIOSH Lifting Equation developed in 1991 is an ergonomic intervention assessment tool that used to calculate the recommended weight limit (RWL) for lifting tasks and to identify the hazardous lifting tasks. NIOSH Lifting Equation Calculator. id Abstrak Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation (RNLE) merupakan sebuah aplikasi yang dibuat oleh National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Oct 7, 2021 · The revised NIOSH lifting equation, or RNLE, is an ergonomic risk assessment tool that can be used to assess the risk of low-back disorders associated with manual lifting tasks. LI > 3. Sep 21, 2004 · NIOSH Lifting Guideline. theopeneducator. improvements by using Microsoft Office Excel programs where the improvements are the origin position of the object and the destination position that should be set to optimize worker capability. NLE (NIOSH Lifting Equation) - 미국산업안전보건원 (NIOSH, National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health)에서 개발한 들기지수로. com/https://www. Schedule a Demo. Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy, currency and completeness of the. The revised NIOSH lifting equation included aspects such as asymmetry, coupling, frequency, etc. NIOSH Lifting Equation App: NLE Calc. Hasil Lifting Index (0,966) menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas ini telah bebas dari potensi cedera musculoskeletal karena nilai LI < 1. Solutions. The revised NIOSH lifting equation (RNLE) aims to manage lifting-related lower back pain (LBP), by determining safe load limits. This simple tool will allow you to calculate lifting limits for a variety of situations. youtube. 1. The twisting angle is the amount (in degrees) of trunk and shoulder rotation required Conclusion. you're evaluating a job that’s repetitive and with low to moderate speed of lifting. http://www. Update on the NIOSH Revised Lifting Equation. Following the revision of the 1981 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting equation, research needs related to the new equation were outlined NIOSH Lifting Equation - Calculating Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) CCOHS. Click links below for documents: cdc:5434 This 2021 manual is an updated version of the Applications Manual for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation (RNLE) published in 1994. ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN MATERIAL HANDLING DENGAN PERHITUNGAN NIOSH LIFTING EQUATION SINGLE TASK Moehamad Adi Rochmat Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Universitas Gunadarma Jl. gunadarma. The app, called NLE Calc, is based on the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation (RNLE), an internationally-recognized standard for safe lifting. I only have the lifting equation manual, so these tools are for those who are familiar with them, and have used them before. NIOSH Data and Statistics Gateway. 1 < LI < 3. NIOSH Lifting Equation - Horizontal Distance Multiplier Factor. Aug 24, 2017 · A new, free mobile app released by The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) aims to help workers stay safe while manually lifting objects. ErgoPlus is cloud-based software that combines Industrial Ergonomics with Industrial Sports Medicine to create a powerful, all-in-one musculoskeletal health platform. N/A*= One of the multipliers is equal to 0. 11/07 The Ergonomics Center of North Carolina. A lifting task is defined as the act the manually grasp an object with two hands, plus vertically removing the object without mechanical assistance. It should be 1. Procedures for analyzing single-task and multi-task lifting jobs are described in Section 2. 00 = 17. While OSHA can't build the NIOSH Lifting Equation into its regulations, the agency recommends using this lift formula to determine the safe amount of a lift wherever they can. Jul 2, 2017 · The NIOSH lifting equation is based on three general stress related variables: physiologic, biomechanical, and psycho-physical. 85 was selected (lifting distance of 145 cm) to be more The Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation considers the weight of the load lifted, how far the load needs to be moved (both the vertical lift required and the distance the object must be carried) and then it considers several variables that are known to increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, such as repetition, ease of coupling/control and awkward postures. The NIOSH Lifting Equation Formula. Jan 1, 2018 · To evaluate whether the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation (RNLE) is a valid tool for assessing risk of low back pain (LBP) due to manual lifting by using combined data from two cross-sectional Aug 14, 2017 · Workers, employees, and occupational health professionals around the world have been using the Applications Manual for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation (RNLE) for over 20 years to assess risks associated with lifting tasks, to prevent the onset of lower back pain, and to reduce WMSD. 0 are suggested to be safe while those with an index > 1. The lift grouping is acceptable. NIOSH Method of Lifting Analysis. The coupling factor is an estimate of how well the hand is coupling with a tool or workplace implement. NIOSH Lifting Equation - Calculating Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) NIOSH Lifting Equation - Frequency Factor. In summary, the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation is a vital tool for enhancing workplace safety and ergonomics. LI < 1. Research on the hazards of manual materials handling in industry is summarized and recommendations to reduce the human and economic burden imposed by improper materials handling are provided. For questions, email pubstaft@cdc. You’ll be able to quickly and accurately measure ergonomic risk factors using the most popular ergonomic assessment tools without worrying about doing manual calculations. วิชาชีพในสถานประกอบกิจการประเภทต่าง ๆ ไม่ว่าจะเป็นโรงงาน คลังสินค้า ขนส่ง ค้าปลีก สถานพยาบาล ไปถึง The impact of manual material handling such as lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling and awkward postures have been studied, and models using these external demands to assess risk of injury have been developed and employed by safety and health professionals. Jobs that return an LI < 1. 85 x 1. An equation provides the Recommended Weight Limit (RWL, the weight limit for a healthy worker to safely perform lift tasks during a work shift), starting from a load constant (25–15 kg for the Italian NIOSH Multitask. -Potentially reduce other lifting-related disorders or injuries such as shoulder/arm pain. by ericsafety75. The following table of contents allows you to open or download the files containing the sections of the document you want to see. To order free copies of NIOSH publications, go to the NIOSH document listing at CDC On Demand. This NIOSH Data and Statistics page provides centralized access to select NIOSH data sets. Click the card to flip 👆. 94-10 The primary output of the WISHA Lifting Calculator is the Weight Limit (or Lifting Limit), which defines the maximum acceptable weight (load) that nearly all healthy employees could lift or lower, given the task variables of the Dec 4, 1998 · The RWL and LI equations, shown below, have previously been described in detail (Waters et al, 1993, Waters et al, 1994). This application provides risk estimates to help evaluate lifting tasks and reduce the incidence of low back injuries in workers. Los resultados de esta ecuación se pueden utilizar para evaluar y mejorar las condiciones de trabajo y prevenir lesiones Dec 5, 2012 · The Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation is a tool used by occupational health and safety professionals to assess the manual material handling risks associated the lifting and sullen tasks in the job. Four quantitative methods for characterizing lifting hazards are provided and realistic case studies are compared to determine how these alternative methods compare to the NIOSH equation when applied to several typical work processes. Margonda Raya No. Manufacturing and construction industries advance rapidly and hence work-related health problems are gaining importance. . 8 KiB, 1,324 hits). Print. Epidemiological, biomechanical, physiological, and psychophysical criteria are discussed for NIOSH Document: Applications Manual for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation: NIOSH Publication Number 94-110, Complete document Author: NIOSH Subject: Applications Manual for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation Keywords: NIOSH Document: Applications Manual for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation: NIOSH Publication Number 94-110, Complete document The NIOSH lifting equation was first developed in 1981 and was called the standard NIOSH lifting equation, the equation was then reformed in 1991 and was called the revised NIOSH lifting equation [1]. 6) Twisting – Determine the degree to which the body is required to twist or turn during the lifting task. Keywords: Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation ROLE, REBA, and the Lifter Equation are in Excel format, and willingly to the math for you. F = 2 lift / menit. Feb 20, 2019 · Correction: @6:02 min. notebooks that are required to bring every day to class. Briefly, the RWL is a multiplicative equation in which a constant load weight is reduced by multipliers that define the level of physical stress associated with specific characteristics of a lifting task. 00 x 0. 93 x 1. In order to find the Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) you need to know the number of seven different factors pertaining to the lifting operation in question. PK ! }FY¤ [Content_Types]. Okay, here is the formula for finding the Recommended Weight Limit for your lifting task: RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM. STEP 2. Disclaimer. Washington – In an effort to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders, NIOSH has released a mobile app based on the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation, an internationally recognized standard for safe manual lifting. provided is correct, accurate or current. The RNLE is a method published by NIOSH to assess the risk of work-related low back disorders (WLBDs) . 100, Depok 16424, Jawa Barat adirochmat@staff. The use of the female 75th percentile as a criterion does NOT mean that only females are more susceptible to back pain; on the contrary, BOTH males and females are at elevated risk for back injuries when the female Washington’s Department of Labor and Industries has created a worksheet based upon the NIOSH Lifting Equation to determine if a lift operation exceeds the recommended limits. Stroller type was 2) Waters et al. 87), so the value of 0. 90 = 11. 2 times of the duration (1. NIOSH Lifting Equation - Vertical Distance Multiplier Factor. 00 x 1. Jul 13, 2016 · For a full explanation of how to implement the NIOSH Lifting Equation, consult the Applications Manual for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation. Musculoskeletal disorders like lower back pain is an Apr 5, 2017 · March 1981. The revised NIOSH manual lifting equation is a tool to provide industrial safety and ergonomic practitioners with meaningful data on the maximum weight limits of two-handed manual lifting. The 75th female population percentile is the criterion that the NIOSH Revised Lifting Equation is based on (Waters, et al. Consider the Lifting Index here to be greater than 3 (and in the REDcategory) Use the smaller of the two RWL values and its Using lift-assist devices like scissors lift tables or load levelers • Using more sophisticated equipment like powered stackers, hoists, cranes, or vacuum assist devices • Guiding your choice of equipment by analyzing and redesigning work stations and workflow NIOSH and Cal/OSHA are dedicated to finding the bottom line in state-of the-art- 300 13. The revised NIOSH Lifting Equation is: 23 kg x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM = RWL . Generally they are in the open literature. Of analysis methods submitted click have was customized by the me or others for training and job analysis end. In summary, the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation does not apply if any of the following occur: Ë Lifting/lowering with one hand Ë Lifting/lowering for over 8 hours Ë Lifting/lowering while seated or kneeling Ë Lifting/lowering in a restricted work space Ë Lifting/lowering unstable objects Ë Lifting/lowering while carrying, pushing or The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Lifting Equation mobile application, NLE Calc, is a tool to calculate the overall risk index for single and multiple manual lifting tasks. The NIOSH lifting equation is based on all the following factors EXCEPT. Therefore, MOST WORKERS CAN SAFELY PERFORM THE 5) Duration – Determine the lifting duration as classified into one of three categories: 1) 1 hour or less, 2) 1 – 2 hours, or 3) 2 hours or more. 3. WISHA stands for Washington industrial safety and health act. 23 kg x 0. RWL = LC × HM × VM × DM × AM × FM × CM. com/theopeneducator NIOSH Lifting Equation (08/2017) for iOS and Android: The NIOSH Lifting Equation calculator (NLE Calc) can be used to calculate the recommended weight limit (RWL) and lifting index (LI) for single or multiple lifting tasks. 1 / 25. - 먼저 권장무게한계 (RWL)를 구하고 실제 들려고 하는 중량물의 무게를 RWL로 나누어 1보다 낮도록 관리한다. for manual lifting [7]. g. The lifting equation defines a recommended weight limit (RWL) for specific lifting tasks that most workers could perform over an eight-hour day without increasing the risk of developing lower back pain. The 2021 manual has been reformatted to be searchable and contains improved graphics and tables. Generally they are in the open books. The data for the factors are available on this website (government of Canada) and in this publication (government of USA), page 51. The Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation is an application released by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) which is an American institution to Nov 1, 2002 · Abstract and Figures. Ergonomics Tools – NIOSH Lifting Equation, RULA, REBA, Snook Tables. The weight of the load at 15 kg is now lower than the recommended weight limit of 17. The lift grouping is risky, and changes should be considered. SOFT-TISSUE INJURIES or musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) associated with manual lifting and awkward, repetitive use of the lower back account for approximately Sep 30, 2022 · Request PDF | On Sep 30, 2022, Umesh Gurnani and others published A Postural Risk Assessment of Manual Dairy Farm Workers using NIOSH Lifting Equation | Find, read and cite all the research you STEP 1. We have developed a cloud-based NIOSH Lifting Equation calculator as a part of our ErgoPlus Industrial platform that can be used to efficiently conduct a NIOSH Lifting assessment, calculate the score and save your results. In 1981, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) of the United States published a first version of the NIOSH equation, and in 1991 it published the second version with new advances. Aug 14, 2018 · The following NIOSH Lifting Equation Example is from the NIOSH Lifting Equation Applications Manual and has been adapted to show the proper use of the NIOSH Lifting Equation inside the ErgoPlus Platform. “NLE Calc is a quick and simple way for a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Aug 1, 1993 · NIOSH believes that the revised 1991 lifting equation is more likely than the 1981 equation to protect most workers. Ergonomics. But this equation application is limited to those conditions The Lifting Calculator is based on the same research as the NIOSH Lifting Equation and is best used to identify the highest risk lifts in a job or facility. Currently Review made upon 31 August 2013. Action Level. The findings of this research suggest that the actual and current strollers for the school children produce a lot of stress, strain and long-term gradual health deterioration. , 1994). Current Revisions made on 31 August 2013. However, ergonomic models incorporating per … (MMH) and load lifting are major causes of work-related low back pains (LBP) and impairments [3–5]. Prevent MSDs. This update of the RNLE manual corrects typographical errors in the previous version and is reformatted to be searchable and 508 compliant. 99 x 0. May 22, 2015 · NIOSH has developed a mathematical model that helps predict the risk of lifting-related injuries. ju kp gv or to mp tm je es gl